Extralateral Rights are the rights of a lode mining claim owner to follow a mineral vein downward beyond the side boundaries of their claim, even when the vein passes underneath a neighbor’s land. The right depends on the vein’s apex, its highest point or the place...

Astronomic Meridian is a north-south line used in surveying that points to “true north,” found by observing the stars or the sun rather than by using a compass. To find it, surveyors traditionally sighted the North Star (Polaris) or the sun at a precisely recorded...

Allocation by Abstraction is a method used in real property appraisal for estimating the value of land on a parcel that has been improved with buildings or other structures, particularly where sales of comparable vacant land are scarce. It combines two related...

Arpent (from Old French, ultimately from Gaulish arepennis) is a pre-metric French unit of both length and area, historically used in land surveying throughout France and its North American colonies, including Quebec, Louisiana, and the Mississippi and Missouri river...